鲁东丘陵区玉米—小麦一年两熟一体化耕作技术体系研究

Study of Integrated Farming Technique System for Corn-wheat Two Crops A Year in Hilly Area of East Shandong Province

本研究将夏玉米、冬小麦轮作作为一个整体,采用免耕、深松、翻耕3种耕作措施,结合秸秆100%粉碎还田和秸杆不还田2种覆盖水平,设计了10套耕作技术体系,探讨了周期内不同的耕作技术体系对土壤含水量、容重、地温及作物产量的影响,筛选出适宜鲁东丘陵区玉米小麦一年两熟的耕作技术体系,并对全程免耕这一新型耕作技术在鲁东丘陵区的适宜性进行了鉴定。两年试验结果表明:玉米免耕100%还田+小麦深松100%还田耕作技术体系,有利于提高土壤水分含量,提高水分利用率,增加作物产量,适宜在鲁东丘陵区推广应用;因土壤肥力特别是有机质含量较低,全程免耕对土壤容重及地温影响不利,最终影响产量,暂不适宜在鲁东丘陵区推广应用。

Two rotated crops,summer corn and winter wheat,were studied as an integrated system.Using 3 tillage methods,including no-tillage,subsoiling and plowing,and 2 straw covering methods,including full covering and no covering,10 kinds of farming technique systems were designed to study their influences on soil moisture content,soil bulk density,soil temperature and crop yield.Then the optimal technique system was screened.The results showed that the system of corn with no tillage and full straw returned into field and wheat with subsoiling and full straw returned was beneficial to increase the soil moisture content,water use efficiency and total yield,so it was suitable to popularize in hilly area of east Shandong.Because the organic matter content was lower,entire no-tillage had disadvantages to soil bulk density,soil temperature and yield,entire no-tillage was not suitable for popularization in hilly area of east Shandong.