从感性学到审美乌托邦——现代美学早期的一段问题史

From Aesthetics to Aesthetic Utopia—a History of Issues in Early Modern Aesthetics

现代美学不只是关于美和艺术的知识领域,同时也是现代精神自我确证的一个重要方面,其旨趣系于个人主体的正当性这个现代哲学的基本问题。鲍姆嘉通最初在理性主义体系里构想出一门准认识论性质的"感性学";而后,康德在批判哲学范围内为之确立主体的根基,并赋予"审美自律论"以完整的哲学形式;席勒从康德的概念框架出发,将审美批判扩展至社会政治领域,提出一种"审美乌托邦"思想。现代美学早期的这段历史,显示了审美—艺术问题是如何被推向现代思想前沿的。

Modern aesthetics is not only an academic domain on beauty and art,but also an important aspect of modern spiritual self.Its aim is related to the justice of individual subjects,the basic subject of modern philosophy.Initially Baumgarten made up ＂aesthetics＂in the system of idealism,and then Kant es-tablished the groundwork in the domain of critical philosophy and endowed ＂aesthetic self-discipline＂with a complete philosophic form.Schiller brought aesthetic criticism into the domain of social politics,putting forwad ＂aesthetic Utopia.＂ The early history of modern aesthetics shows how the issue of aesthetics and art has been pushed to the frontiers of modern thinking.