冲绳战:历史真相与集体记忆——从冲绳教科书事件及相关诉讼案件谈起

The Battle of Okinawa: Historical Truth and Collective Memory——With A Discussion of the Textbook Event and Relevant Lawsuits

在二战末期的冲绳战中,大约有15万冲绳民众被夺去生命,其中一部分为日军杀害,一部分被迫集体自杀。二战结束以后,"强迫性集体自杀"和"日军杀害冲绳民众"成了战后日本学界围绕历史教科书事件引发的争论焦点,也成为战后日本左、右两股政治力量博弈的一个焦点。作者系统梳理了几桩围绕冲绳战叙述引发的论争和诉讼案件,指出日本历史教科书问题是日本政治右倾化的表现,是日本社会政治危机、经济危机和深刻的社会矛盾在学校教育中的具体体现。日本右翼势力却将学校教育中出现的问题归咎于历史教科书,是试图通过历史教科书来培养新的国家主义和排外主义,使日本在新的战争中获得主动权。因此,通过反对修改历史教科书来追究历史真相,就成为曾经深受日本侵略的亚洲国家和地区携手共同努力的事情。

Around 150,000 civilians were killed in the Battle of Okinawa at the end of the Second World War.Some were killed by Japanese soldiers,and the rest were forced to commit collective suicide.After World War Two,＂forced collective suicide＂ and ＂Civilians on Okinawa killed by Japanese soldiers＂ became the focus of the controversy caused by the Japanese history textbook event among the postwar Japanese academic circle,as well as a focus of the battle between the two political forces of the Right and the Left.This paper systematically discusses the conrtroversy and the relevant lawsuits concerning the Battle of Okinawa.The paper points out that the problem caused by the event of the Japanese history textbook is a manifestation of the political right deviation in Japan,as well as a reflection of its political economic crisis and sharp social contraditions on its school education.The Right Wing force in Japan tries to attribute problems in its school education to its history textbooks.Its intention is to cultivate new nationalism and xenophobia and to enable Japan to get initiative in future war by falsifying history textbooks.Therefore,it is the duty of all the Asian states and regions once invaded by Japan to investigate the truth in history by struggling against the act of falsifying Japanese history textbooks.