同声传译中信息遗失的成因及策略——从认知心理学角度

Causes of Loss of Information in Simultaneous Interpretation and Its Coping Strategies——From the Perspective of Cognitive Psychology

根据著名口译研究者丹尼尔·吉尔(Daniel Gile)提出的同声传译的脑力分配模型,同声传译需要做的是听力与分析、短时记忆、言语表达和协调。短时记忆是同声传译一种非常重要的能力,但在记忆过程中,极易出现信息的饱和与缺损情况,并且在输入、存储和输出三个阶段以及在理解出现失误与精力分配不恰当时都会流失,导致实践中出现错译和漏译的现象。口译转换难以实现信息的对等与守恒。从认知心理学的角度可以诠释同声传译中信息的遗失现象。在此基础上,译者可以采取省略、信息重组、转换、预测、阐释以及其他各种不同的策略应对同声传译中的信息不足现象。

According to Daniel Gile＇s model of brain energy distribution in a simultaneous interpretation process,what a simultaneous interpretation requires are listening and analysis,short-term memory,and speech production and coordination.Short-term memory in simultaneous interpretation is an extremely important ability,but in the memorization process,information tends to be overflowing or missing.During the processes of information input,storage and output,or when wrong comprehension or improper effort allocation occurs,certain information tends to be easily lost.In oral translation,then,information equivalence and conservation is difficult to realize.The loss of information in simultaneous interpretation can be explained from the aspect of cognitive psychology.Therefore,various strategies such as omission,reformation,conversion,anticipation and explaining need to be adopted to cope with the insufficient information in the process of simultaneous interpretation.