踝关节MR断层解剖、解剖变异和病理——第二部分:解剖变异和病理(续)(英文)

The ankle joint:MR sectional anatomy,anatomic variation and pathology.Part II:variation and pathology(coutinuous)

踝关节疼痛是一个非常常见的临床症状,病因很多,本文将引起踝关节疼痛病因的MR影像特征分为三部分进行描述:①侧副韧带损伤:侧副韧带损伤分为拉伤、部分撕裂和完全断裂。急性侧副韧带损伤MRI主要表现为韧带信号增高,韧带不规则断裂,界限不清,周围软组织水肿及邻近的骨水肿;慢性期的主要表现为韧带不规则增粗或变细。②肌腱病变:肌腱的病变大体上可分为肌腱病、部分肌腱撕裂、肌腱的完全断裂、肌腱纵向撕裂、肌腱腱鞘滑膜炎和肌腱脱位。单纯创伤性肌腱断裂很少见,多数肌腱断裂发生在肌腱病的基础之上。MRI能够准确显示以上各种病变的特征。③骨、软骨及其他软组织病变:主要包括踝关节骨隐性压缩骨折、跖骨联合、副舟骨综合征、踝关节后撞击综合征、骨三角综合征、距骨骨软骨病变、和距骨缺血性坏死等。MRI能够准确的对上述疾病作出诊断及鉴别诊断。

Ankle pain is a very common clinical presentation.There are many disorders that can cause ankle pain.This article reviewed the MRI features of common etiologies that cause ankle pain in the following three categories：（1） Ligamentous injuries,which are commonly classified into lateral ankle injuries,medial ankle injuries,and high ankle（syndesmotic） injuries.Of the acute ligament injury,the ligament shows increased signal with adjacent surrounding soft tissue edema on MR imaging,and partial tear of the ligament is observed.Chronic ligament injuries mainly represent thickening or thinning,discontinuity or nonvisualization of the ligament.（2） Tendon disorders,which include tendinopathy,tendon tears,tenosynovitis,peritendinitis and dislocation.Traumatic tendon tear is uncommon,discrete tears of the ankle tendons commonly occur on a background of tendinopathy.MRI can accurately show the characteristics of the disorders above.（3） Bone,cartilage and other soft tissue disorders,including subtle fracture of the anterior process of the calcaneus,tarsal coalition,accessory navicular syndrome,Os Trigonum syndrome,osteochondral lesion of the talus,and avascular necrosis of the talus.MRI can make diagnosis or differential diagnosis from the disorders.