广东省城乡居民1982—2002年膳食结构和模式变化趋势研究

Change trend of dietary pattern among Guangdong residents,1982—2002

目的描述广东省城乡居民膳食结构的变化趋势。方法 1982年采用典型抽样和多级整群抽样相结合的方法抽取全省13个市县的居民进行调查,1992年采用多级整群随机抽样方法抽取全省7个市、县的居民为调查对象,2002年采用多级整群随机抽样方法抽取全省13个区、县的居民为调查对象。膳食调查采用连续3 d 24 h回顾询问法调查居民所有摄入的食物,用"称重法"调查家庭调味品消费量。结果 1982、1992、2002年的调查人数分别为12 347、3 239、7 708人。与1982年相比,2002年居民水果、畜禽肉、奶制品与豆制品消费量分别增加了26.7、113.5、12.8、22.6 g;粮谷类食物的总摄入量下降28.0%。蛋白质摄入量从59.0 g上升到86.1 g,脂肪摄入量从49.6 g上升到83.9 g,脂肪供能比从19.1%上升达到31.0%,其中城市居民动物性食物提供的蛋白质占比例有所上升,达53.1%,脂肪提供的能量达到33.0%。钙、视黄醇、硫胺素及核黄素的每日摄入量占RNIs的比例较低,分别为61.6%、82.7%、69.2%、68.8%,其余均超过100.0%。结论 20年间广东省居民膳食营养有了较大改善,能量与大部分营养素已经满足需要。但还需进一步加强营养知识的健康教育,推动食品营养标签管理工作,解决钙和维生素缺乏和营养过剩的问题。

Objective To describe the trend of dietary patterns in urban and rural household in Guangdong during 1982—2002.Methods The investigation in 2002 was based on a household study sample which was randomly derived from 13 counties of Guangdong Province by multistage stratified cluster sampling method.Data from dietary researches conducted in 1982 and 1992 were used for the analysis.The 24h dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used in dietary surveys.Weighing method was used for condiment intake. Results 12 347,3 239 and 7 708 subjects were included respectively in the investigations conducted in 1982,1992 and 2002.In 2002,the consumptions of fruit,meat of livestock and poultry,milk and legume showed a remarkable rise of 26.7,113.5,12.8 and 22.6g respectively,compared with those in 1982.Similarly,from 1982 to 2002,protein intake rised from 59.0g to 86.1g and fat intake rised from 49.6g to 83.9g.While cereals intake decreased by 28.0% compared to that in 1982.The proportion of energy from fat was increasing,and reached 31.0%.For urban inhabitants,the percentage of protein from animals was 53.1%,and 33.0% of energy was derived from fat.The percentages of all nutrient intake in recommended nutrient intakes（RNIs） exceeded 100% excluding calcium（61.6%）,retinal equivalent（82.7%）,thiamin（69.2%） and riboflavin（68.8%）.Conclusion Energy and major portion of nutrition we investigated were sufficient for Guangdong residents whose nutritional status improved substantially during 1982—2002.But more attention should be paid to the potential health problems caused by dietary changes.Under-nutrition and over-nutrition should both be prevented through health education.