2009年广东省8月龄至14岁儿童麻疹疫苗强化免疫活动分析

Measles vaccine supplemental immunization activity in Guangdong Province,2009

目的分析总结2009年3—4月广东省麻疹疫苗(MV)强化免疫活动的有关数据,为制定达到消除麻疹目标策略提供依据。方法该次强化免疫对象为广东省内8月龄至14周岁儿童(包括流动儿童),无论既往有无接种史或患病史,1个月内均接种1剂次麻疹疫苗。通过收集整理广东省MV强化免疫报表数据和现场评估等情况,采用流行病学方法进行分析。结果全省摸底登记8月龄至14周岁儿童共20 437 255人,报告接种数为19 952 519人,报告接种率为97.63%,强化免疫活动前麻疹疫苗调查接种率为71.66%,与强化免疫活动后调查接种率(98.10%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。活动前儿童家长知晓率为91.86%,活动后期知晓率为98.48%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);麻疹疫苗强化免疫疑似预防接种异常反应报告发生率为4.21/10万;麻疹疫苗强化免疫后,2009年5—12月麻疹发病数较去年同期下降92.59%,麻疹发病率从2008年的16.10/10万下降到2009年的2.22/10万。结论麻疹疫苗强化免疫是控制和消除麻疹的有效措施,政府主导、多部门配合、声势浩大的宣传发动和良好的组织实施是强化免疫成功的关键。

Objective To analyze experience of mass measles vaccine supplemental immunization activity（SIA） in Guangdong Province during March-April 2009,in order to provide scientific basis for making the strategy of measles elimination in 2012.Methods Data were collected from 21 municipalities which carried out measles vaccine supplemental immunization on children aged from 8 months to 14 years in Guangdong Province.The descriptive methodology was used in this paper.Results Total 20 437 255 children aged from 8 months to 14 years were found and registered.19 952 519 children were vaccinated in the SIA,with the coverage rates from 71.66% before the SIA to 98.10%（P0.01） by fast coverage assessments.The people＇s awareness rate of the SIA was 91.86% at the start of the SIA,rising to 98.48%（P0.01） in the period of the SIA.The reported incidence rate of adverse events following immunization（AEFI） was 4.21 per 100 000 of measles vaccinations.The incidence rate of measles decreased from 16.10 per 100 000 in 2008 to 2.22 per 100 000 in 2009.The decrease in number of cases was 92.59% during May-December 2009,comparing with the same periods in 2008.Conclusion SIA is an effective measure of control and elimination of measles.Government leadership,multi-departments cooperation,massive campaign of social mobilization and well-organized vaccination processes are the crucial factors for successful fulfilment of SIA with high quality.