论塞拉斯的“两种映像”观——兼谈哲学研究的目标问题

On the View of Sellars' Two Images——Referring the Purposes of the Philosophical Studies

塞拉斯把人类与世界之间的关系划分为"常识的"映像和"科学的"映像。他认为,前者是关于人类自己的概念,是一种前科学的、未受批判的、朴素的人类世界观,它定义了已有的哲学反思的一个端点;后者是一种经过反思、批判和逻辑加工形成的框架,是用假定感觉不到的客体和事件来说明能感觉到的客体与事件之间的相互关联。哲学研究的目标正是向着把这两种既相互竞争又相互补充的映像统一起来的方向发展的。这种观点促进了对整个哲学史的批判与反思,为科学实在论的辩护提供了方法论的借鉴意义。但是,他把人类概念思维的社会的、伦理的和价值的维度留给常识映像,把认知与说明维度留给科学映像的做法,有可能会加深自然科学与社会科学之间的分离;他对理论实体的本体论地位的论证方式有可能陷入"理论家的困境"。

W.S. Sellars was the founder of scientific realism. He distinguished the relation between man and the world into two images, manifest image and scientific image, based on the history of philosophy and science. This paper explores their definitions and relationship between them and discusses such view that the orientation of philosophical development is to obtain unity of the two images and then analyses the advantages and disadvantages for his realist position.