国际海运温室气体排放的量化分析及中国对策研究

Research on the quantification of GHG from ships and China's policy response

海洋船舶的温室气体排放正越来越引起国际社会的关注。以中国为首的发展中国家要求在国际海洋船舶温室气体减排谈判中遵守"共同但有区别责任原则",而发达国家则要求按照国际海事组织的"相同待遇原则",各国采取统一步骤进行减排。本文以运输从中国到美国出口贸易的集装箱船为例,分析了两种不同原则的经济学含义,相对于"共同但有区别责任原则",如果所有船舶都必须减排CO2,仅仅对于涉及对美国贸易的集装箱船只,中国籍船舶和中国出口商必须多支付1.8亿美元到1.9亿美元。这将加大我国出口产业的负担。本文随后提出了我国在国际船舶温室气体减排谈判中所应注意的问题及策略。

Greenhouse gases from ships have attracted increasing attention.China,together with other developing countries requires that the ＂Common But Differentiated Responsibility＂ should be the basis of international negotiations on GHG reduction from ships;while developed countries insist that the ＂Equal Treatment to All Ships＂ should be applied.This study uses sample of containerships from China to the United States and analyzes the differences of these two scenarios in terms of economic cost.If all ships are required to reduce emissions,Chinese containerships and exports have to pay between $0.18 billion and $0.19 billion more,which may impose more cost to China’s export industry.This study then discusses the strategies and policies in international shipping GHG emission reduction regime.