论诉讼与仲裁关系中的既判力问题

Res Judicata in Relationship between State Courts and Arbitral Tribunals

在诉讼与仲裁的关系中,涉及既判力的主要有两个问题:仲裁庭是否受到法院判决的约束,或者法院是否受到仲裁裁决的约束。在国内仲裁中,判决与裁决的相互约束已为许多国家的法律及司法实践所肯定。在国际仲裁中,如何协调诉讼与仲裁的关系,实践及理论认识中还存在分歧。为避免裁决与判决之间的冲突,法院可依《纽约公约》承认仲裁裁决来认可外国仲裁裁决的既判力;仲裁庭也应尽量尊重他国法院判决的既判力,毕竟法院对仲裁庭的管辖权及仲裁裁决拥有司法最终决定权。比较和研究各国的立法例、判例,剖析我国法律中的相关规定,有助于厘清诉讼与仲裁的关系。

On the relationship between state courts and arbitral tribunals we have to deal with two problems:is the arbitrator bound by the decision taken on jurisdiction or on the merits by the state courts or vice versa? If the State Court and the seat of the arbitration are in the same country,the answer should certainly affirmative.The problems are more arduous when the arbitration/litigation relationship is transnational.To avoid inconsistent decisions,the state court should recognise the award with the New York Convention;the arbitral tribunal has to follow the decisions of the state courts,as they always have the 'last word' on the issue.It is of actual importance to study the regulations in different legislations and case law accumulated in this area,which would help our understanding of the relationship between litigation and arbitration.