从“仿美”到“学苏”:共和国基础教育改革的方向转移

The Shift of Chinese Imitating Focus:the Modes of Basic Education Reform from the United States to Soviet Union

由于社会国家的急剧转型与意识形态的重构需要,杜威实用主义教育理论及其中国化的代表人物均遭到了不同程度地"清算式批判",而苏联的社会主义教育理论与经验则被"一边倒"地系统引入,出现了共和国基础教育改革由"仿美"到"学苏"的方向转移。反思这一特定历史的复杂变迁及其利弊得失,对于当代中国学校变革的理性建构和"中国教育学"的本土成长,无疑具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。

With the abrupt transition of the society and the needs of ideology reconstruction, Dewey＇s education theory of pragmatism and its representatives with chinese characteristics were showed various degrees of criticized. China then imitated the modes of basic education reform from the United States to Soviet Union. The education theory and experience of Soviet Union predominated in the early period of PRC absolutely. Reflection on the benefits ＆ drawbacks of complicated changes in the special period can give us theory value as well as realistic meanings to school reform theory construction and pedagogies＇ indigenous evolution in contemporary China.