救亡之使还是启蒙之功——清末监狱改良思想的特质

Interaction between Rescue and Enlightenment——Analyzing the Traits of the Thought on Prison Reform in the End of Qing Dynasty

清末预备立宪在很大程度上因应于当时内忧外患、存亡绝续的救亡压力,由此视角来审视清末监狱改良思想,亦可明显体受到基于当时救亡压力的强烈回应特质。不过,如果放宽视界,则同样不难看出清末监狱改良思想的启蒙景象。实际上,清末监狱改良思想正是在当时救亡图存的巨大压力与自觉的人道启蒙的双重合奏下逐渐形成并作为思想动因而推动清末监狱改良这一宏大事业的。而且,该思想的形成更多的不是因应于危机所迫,而是清末知识人在细察中从容自省和理性启蒙的结果。

In the end of Qing Dynasty,Qing government is faced with troubles at home and aggression from abroad,and preparatary constitutionalism actually bears great pressure.It is obvious that prison reform of that time has response to this situation intensely.Besides,we can never fail to find the trace of enlightenment in the great reform.In fact,the prison reform owes a lot to the surge of thoughts of rescue and enlightenment,by which it has improved the reform industry favorably.More exactly,we would say that the prison reform in the end of Qing Dynasty is the result of the intellectual doing self-reflection on their deliberate analyses rather than is driven by the crisis.Just by the soul-searching on Chinese old traditions,they develop the resource in Chinese tradions in line with western prison system.