美国公立学校中的体罚及学生权利的保护——基于英格拉罕诉莱特案的分析

Corporal Punishment in American Public Schools and The Protection of Students' Rights——Based on the Analysis of Ingraham v. Wright

在美国,公立学校对学生实施体罚一直都是备受争议的话题。传统上,对学生的体罚被看作是合理合法的行为。1977年的英格拉罕案判决具有重大意义。美国联邦最高法院判决,公立学校体罚学生并未违反联邦宪法修正案第八条"禁止残酷和异常惩戒"的规定,公立学校中的体罚涉及修正案第十四条所规定的实体性正当程序权利。此案例可以看,美国法院相关判决对学生实体性正当程序权利的侵害标准规定得过于严苛和僵化,不利于学生权利的保护。因此,这一标准应该加以改变,以便为学生提供更高程度的保护。

In the U.S.,public school corporal punishment of students has been a topic of controversy. Traditionally,the corporal punishment of students is seen as reasonable and lawful behavior.In 1977,the Ingraham decision has great significance.The Supreme Court adjudge that public school corporal punishment doesn＇t violate the＂prohibits cruel and unusual punishment＂requirement of the eighth amendment to the federal Constitution,and corporal punishment in public schools involved in the substantive due process rights of the fourteenth amendment to the federal Constitution.At the same time,about the standard of the students＇substantive due process rights,the court decision is too harsh and rigid,not conducive to the protection of students＇rights.Therefore,this standard should be changed to provide students with a higher degree of protection.