金相玉式 百世无匹——论《离骚》的结构特点

Discussion about Li Sao's Structural Characteristics

长期以来,一直有人认为《离骚》的结构杂乱无章,反复无常,殊乏镕裁。然而,《离骚》的结构特点虽不能以一般文章规矩准之,但若反复寻绎,多所参证,便知屈原当日如何精心构思,看似行文无法,实则自有周密法度之存在,自有清晰脉络之潜伏。《离骚》在结构上具有承转得体、复沓有致、虚实相济三大特点,显示出高超的艺术技巧。首先,在承转方面,主要表现为关联法、过渡法两种承接方法,表现为部分否定、全部否定两种转折形式。其次,在复沓方面,主要有语词复沓、句式复沓、情节复沓三种复沓类型,起到穷尽物貌、调整节奏、深化主旨的功效。最后,在虚实方面,大致可分为前实后虚、前虚后实两种形式,两种形式的特点皆为前重后轻。

For a long time,it has been suggested that Li Sao' structure was haphazard,capricious,especially lack of smelting.However,Although the structural characteristics of Li Sao can't be measured on the basis of the general standard of the rules of the article,if inquire repeatedly and reference many times,we will know how to be form in Qu Yuan's mind,it seemingly can not be the regulations innate,but actually own careful wording of testimonies,has a clear underlying context.The structure of Li Sao has three major characteristics,'decent transition and continue','regularly repetition','successful complex of false or true',so that show superb artistry.First,in transition and continue,it mainly performed two transitional ways of the correlation method and the passing method,showed the two continual forms of some-negative and all-negative.Secondly,in repetition,it mainly had three repetitive types of repetitive words,repetitive sentences and repetitive plots,play an effect of exhausting the appearance of properties,adjusting the rhythm,and deepening the subject.Finally,in false or true,it could be divided into two forms of true-ahead and false-behind,false-ahead and true-behind,the characteristics of two forms were emphasis-ahead and light-behind.