古村落生态系统的复杂性分析——以江西省婺源古村落为例

Analysis on Complexity of Ecosystem in Ancient Village——A Case of the Ancient Village in Wuyuan County,Jiangxi

生态系统是复杂有序的层级系统,时间与空间属性是生态系统的基本特征,也是研究生态系统复杂性的两个重要因素。生态系统复杂性在时间与空间维度上的表征方式种类繁多,以江西省婺源古村落生态系统为例,根据古村落生态系统发展演变的历史,总结归纳了几种直观有效的观察分析方法,并通过这些方法展现了生态系统复杂性研究的多层面、多角度特点。研究结果表明,婺源古村落生态系统以人为线性空间、集中式空间和组团型空间类型为主;古村落生态系统的演化是缓慢的、渐变的过程,已经和自然环境达到了高度的统一和协调。

Ecosystem is complex and orderly hierarchical system and its basic feature is temporal and spatial attributes,both are important factors in studying the complexity of ecosystem.The presentation mode of complexity of ecosystem in temporal and spatial dimension is various.The author takes the ecosystem in the ancient village of Jiangxi Wuyuan as an example,summarizes several intuitional and efficient analysis methods and illustrates the feature of the multi-layer and multi-angle in studying the complexity of ecosystem according to the evolution of ecosystem in ancient village.The research results suggest that the ecosystem in the ancient village of Wuyuan focuses on the linear space and gives priority to centralized space and organized space;the evolvement process of ecosystem in ancient village is slow and gradual and it has been consolidated and harmonized.