茂县脆李在干旱半干旱冷凉生态型区的生长结果习性与经济性状研究

Study on the Growth and Fruiting Habits and Economic Characters of Maoxian Plum in Arid and Semi-arid Cold Ecological Regions

在干旱半干旱冷凉生态型区的茂县、理县和黑水三地,茂县脆李3月上中旬萌芽,3月下旬至4月上中旬开花,花期10～15天。果实成熟期8月中旬至9月上旬。短枝和中枝所占比例较大,一般占70%;以抽发一、二次枝为主,所占比例高达90.6%。枝梢生长自4月上旬开始至7月上旬止,新梢快速生长期为4月底至6月上旬。花序着果率大于88%,花朵着果率大于50%,两者在三地均无显著差异。果实生长动态曲线为双S型,5月上中旬为果实第一次迅速膨大期,6月中下旬至7月上中旬为果实第二次迅速膨大期,果实发育期145天左右。定植第二年试花;第五年进入盛果初期,株产30kg,每667m2产果1650kg以上。单果重均大于46g,可食率高于97%,可溶性固形物含量均大于14%,总糖均大于9%,总酸含量0.820%～0.868%,三地间均无显著差异;维生素C含量3.19%～4.83%,果实硬度6.9～13.2kg/cm2,β-胡萝卜素9.88～11.6mg/kg,铁1.85～4.82mg/kg。表现出良好的生态适应性,是一个优良的中晚熟品种。

Maoxian plum sprouts in early and mid-March in arid and semi-arid cold ecological regions in the three counties of Maoxian,Lixian and Heishui of Sichuan.Its blooming season starts from late March to early or mid-April,lasting 10～15 days.Fruit matures from mid-August to early September.The spurs and branches account for the majority of the branches of the trees,usually amounting to 70%.Primary and secondary branches account for as high as 90.6%.The shoot growing period is from early April to early July,and the peak growth season of new shoots is from late April to early June.The fruit set percentage of the inflorescences is more than 88%,and that of the flowers is more than 50%,and no significant differences were founded among the three counties.The fruit growth dynamic curve is a double sigmoid curve.The first rapid expansion period of the fruit is in early and mid-May,and the second period is from middle or late March to early or mid-July.The fruit development period is about 145 days.The yield per tree is 15 kg in the fourth year,equal to a yield of 825 kg per mu.The early peak fruiting period starts from the fifth year on which a typical tree can produce 30 kg of fruit,equal to 1 650 kg per mu,and the fruit are averaged more than 46 g with a edible rate of more than 97%.Biochemical analysis showed that the fruit total soluble solids contend was higher than 14%;total sugar contend was more than 9%;total acid was 0.820%～0.868%;vitamin C was 3.19%～4.83%;β-carotene was 9.88～11.6 mg/kg;iron was 1.85～4.82 mg/kg;fruit firmness was 6.9～13.2 kg per square centimeter.There were no significant differences in fruit quality parameters among the three counties.This variety shows good ecological adaptability and is a good late-maturing variety.