论日本法的发展特征及趋势——以当代日本混合法的演进为视角

Research on the Features and Tendencies of Japanese Law——from the perspective of contemporary mixed law evolution of Japan

日本作为混合法系中具有典型代表性的国家,其法律制度的变迁先后经历了学习中国、学习法国、学习德国、学习美国等几个阶段。正是在这几个不同时期的法律继受和移植过程中,日本逐步由奴隶制过渡到封建制、再到资本主义制度并通过吸收和创新最终成为了资本主义世界第二大经济体。特别是二战战败后在以美国为首的盟军占领和改造下,全面继受了一些以美国法为代表的英美法原则和理念,而1946年宪法的制定将美国法中的三权分立、权力制衡等原则体现得淋漓尽致。文章试从该角度入手考察二战后日本在英美法系影响下的法制现代化进程,进而总结近现代日本法所呈现出的混合化发展的特点及趋势。

As a typical representative of the mixed law countries,Japanese has changed its legal system with several stages that including studying from China,French,German and the United States etc.In the process of legal succession and legal transplantation,Japan had transited from slavery to feudalism and then to capitalism step by step.According to a series absorptions and innovations,Japan has become the second largest economy in the capitalist world.Especially after defeated by the U.S.in World War II,Japan was under the allied army occupation and then reconstructed,it accepted some legal principles and ideas of Anglo-American law system with the American law as the representative.The Constitution of Japan in 1946 reflected the ＂separation of powers＂,＂restriction of powers＂ incisively and vividly.This paper studits from the point of Japanese legal modernization course under the influence of Anglo-American law system after World War II and summarizes the features and trends of modern Japanese law in mixing process.