国民大会:在有形与无形之间

The National Assembly:Between "Visible" and "Invisible"

国民大会是孙中山基于直接民权、权能区分和五权宪法等理论,在美国进步主义运动影响下出于济欧美代议政治之穷与矫正选举制度之弊的考虑,在中央设计一个与外国议会不同的机构来代表国民全体,通过行使选举、罢免、创制、复决等政权产生与管理中央政府的政体设计,它负责监督整个政府的同时高于一切,具有"抽象"、"无形化"和"具体"、"有形化"的双元特质。随着三民主义成为知识化与制度化的信仰,国民大会在宪法中的组织形式与职权经历了有形与无形之间的漂移,最后定位于有形与无形之间。国民大会的运行中所表现的国大代表选举有名无实、制宪国大召开一党独行以及国大行宪而致宪法破弃,从反面警示我们必须加强代议制度的建设和完善。

Based on the theories of direct civil right,of distinguishing between ＂quan＂ and ＂neng＂,and of Five-power Constitution,influenced by the American progressive movement,the defects of the election system and copying representative system,Sun Yat-sen created the National Assembly.The National Assembly was responsible for overseeing the government above all else with the dual nature of ＂abstract＂,＂invisible＂ and ＂specific＂,＂visible＂.With the Three People＇s Principles as institutionalized knowledge and belief,the National Assembly experienced the shift between tangibility and intangibility,and finally located between the two.That the National Assembly representative elected chaotically,the Constituent National Assembly held by a party and the Constitution broken and abandoned warns us negatively that the construction of representative institutions must be strengthened and improved.