光绪年间清廷功臣画像考述

A Brief Account of Drawing Portraits for Meritorious People in the Guangxu Period,Qing Dynasty

为功臣画像是中国古代帝王表彰有功之臣、纪实铭勋的一种方式。帝王希望藉此以炫耀武功、增强民族信心,并在全民范围内树立一套选才标准,因而图绘功臣这一历史现象蕴含着丰富的涵义。有清一代,紫光阁作为功臣画像的陈列地点,伴随着清代从乾隆到光绪数朝一百余年的历史。咸丰、同治年间,太平天国起义兴起,湘军成为镇压此次起义的主要力量。光绪十二年(1886),为表彰此批功臣,特将他们画像于紫光阁,这是封建王朝历史上最后一次图像功臣活动,与乾隆、道光时代图像功臣相比,有其自身的典型意义。

Drawing portraits for meritorious people is a kind of method by which ancient emperors often used to commend those who have performed immortal feats,to display the country＇s military accomplishments,to strengthen the nation＇s confidence,and to set a standard of selecting qualified personnel.In the Qing dynasty,as the place of displaying the meritorious people＇s portrait,Ziguang Pavilion had a history of over a hundred years from Qianlong to Guangxu.In Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods,the Revolutionary War of the Taiping Heaven Kingdom rose,the Xiang army the main strength to suppress this revolutionary,was drawn in Ziguang Pavilion.This was the last time drawing for meritorious people in feudal society,so it embodied typical sense.