维持性血透患者HBV和HCV感染的原因与预防

HBV and HCV prevalence in patients with persistent blood dialysis for renal disease

目的调查我院维持性血液透析患者HBV和HCV的感染状况及影响因素。方法按接受维持性血液透析的时间先后,将435例患者分为4组:第一组16例,透析时间≥10年;第二组47例,5年≤透析<10年;第三组184例,1年≤透析<5年;第四组188例,透析<1年。采用酶联免疫分析法测定HbsAg和抗-HCV。结果在435例患者中,HBV感染80例(18.4%),HCV感染33例(7.6%);第一组HCV感染14例(87.5%),明显高于第二、第三和第四组(14.9%,2.7%和3.7%,P<0.01);第四组HBV感染44例(23.4%),显著高于第一、第二和第三组(0.0%,17.0%和15.2%,P<0.01)。结论血液透析患者是HBV和HCV感染的高危人群,透析时间、输血和透析器复用等是医院感染的重要危险因素。

Objective To explore HBV and HCV prevalence in patients with persistent blood dialysis.Methods There were 435 patients with persistent blood dialysis for renal diseases in this study,including 16 patients in group 1 having persistent blood dialysis longer than 10 years,47 patients between 5 to 10 years in group 2,184 patients between 1 to 5 years in group 3,and 188 patients less than 1 year in group 4.HBsAg and anti-HCV were determined by ELISA.Results The prevalence of HBV and HCV were 18.4%（80/435）and 7.6%（33/435）,respectively in this series;the prevalence of HCV in group 1 was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups（P0.01）;unexpectedly,HBV prevalence in group 4 was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups（P0.01）.Conclusions Patients under persistent blood dialysis are at high risk of HBV and HCV infection.