农业景观生物多样性保护一般原则探讨

General Principles for Biodiversity Protection in Agro-Landscaping

在参阅大量文献的基础上,从过程和格局2个角度,概括和总结了农业景观生物多样性保护的一般原则,包括:区分并优先保护农业景观生物多样性的热点区域,保护和建立自然、半自然生境,构建多样化的土地利用/种植模式,通过连接残存的自然、半自然生境或新建生态廊道增加农田景观的连接度,提高集约化程度较低的农业用地面积,采取野生生物友好型的农作管理方式,保护关键物种并维持物种的相互联系,控制侵略性的、数量过多的入侵性物种等一系列原则。最后,对这些原则在实际推行及应用中面临的问题进行了探讨。

Biodiversity protection in agricultural landscaping should get more attention than ever before as an important component of the global biological diversity protection and as the basis for food security and ecosystem stability as well,although agricultural activities contribute greatly to the loss of the global biodiversity.General principles for biodiversity protection in agro-landscaping,which was considered complementarity between patterns and processes in landscape ecology,were brought forth,including identifying and prioritizing the hotspots in agro-landscaping,protecting or establishing natural or semi-natural habitats,diversifying the land use/cropping system,increasing the connectivity by connecting the remaining natural and semi-natural habitats or establishing ecological corridor,expanding the area of farmlands low in farming intensity,adopting wild-life friendly farming management practices,preserving key species and maintaining interrelations among species,controlling aggressive over-abundant invasive species.Finally,problems in practical application of the above mentioned principles are discussed.