间接免疫荧光法检测咽拭子和尿残渣麻疹病毒抗原的诊断价值

Diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay of measles virus antigen in throat swab and urine residue

目的探讨间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测咽拭子和尿残渣麻疹病毒抗原对儿童麻疹病毒(MV)感染的诊断价值。方法对68例怀疑为麻疹的患儿进行咽拭子和尿残渣麻疹病毒抗原检测,分析其阳性检出率,并对部分患儿进行短期随访,分析IFA方法的临床应用价值。结果 68例患儿中有62例诊断为麻疹,咽拭子、尿残渣麻疹病毒抗原的阳性检出率分别为91.9%(57/62)和96.8%(60/62),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.363,P>0.05);62例麻疹患者中有45例诊断为典型麻疹,咽拭子、尿残渣麻疹病毒抗原的阳性检出率分别为95.6%(43/45)和97.8%(44/45),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.345,P>0.05);17例诊断为非典型麻疹,咽拭子、尿残渣麻疹病毒抗原的阳性检出率别分别为82.4%(14/17)和94.1%(16/17),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.133,P>0.05);6例诊断为其他出疹性疾病。结论 IFA法检测咽拭子和尿残渣麻疹病毒抗原是一种早期、快速、敏感的实验室方法。

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value on measles virus（MV）from throat swab and urine residue in children measles cases by indirect immunofluorescence assay（IFA）.Methods Total of 68 suspected children measles cases were detected for MV antigen from throat swab and urine residue.The positive rate of two kinds of sample were analyzed and some patients were followed-up for short period.Results Total of 62 patients were diagnosed as measles.The positive rates of MV antigen detection in throat swabs and urine residue were 91.9%（57/62）and 96.8%（60/62）,respectively,the differences were not statitically significant（χ2 = 1.363,P0.05）.All of 45 patients were diagnosed as typical measles,the MV antigen detection positive rates of throat swabs and urine residue were 95.6%（43/45）and 97.8%（44/45）,respectively,the differences were not statitically significant（χ2 = 0.345,P0.05）;There were 17 patients diagnosed as atypical measles,whose MV antigen detection positive rates of throat swabs and urine residue were 82.4%（14/17）and 94.1%（16/17）,respectively,the differences were not statitically significant（χ2 = 1.133,P0.05）.Conclusions The detection of MV antigen from throat swab and urine residue by IFA is a rapid and sensitive method.