军队疗养员膳食脂肪酸摄入17年变化分析

Analysis of change of atty acid intake from the diet in military recuperators during 17 years

目的探讨膳食结构和脂肪酸摄入的变迁对军队老干部健康的影响。方法对1992年、2002年和2008年来我院疗养的军队老干部进行询问调查、膳食调查和医学检验。结果军队老干部谷类食物消费量下降,动物性食物的消费量显著提高。能量和脂肪的摄入已超过推荐摄入量。脂肪供能比增长较快,2008年已达37%,远远超过推荐摄入量20%～30%。每日总脂肪酸的摄入量也显著增高,比我国居民平均摄入量高20%以上,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MuFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PuFA)的摄入量也逐年上升。军队老干部的总体健康状况有了很大改善,但心脑血管疾病的患病率却呈明显上升趋势。结论军队老干部平均膳食质量改善明显,但存在膳食脂肪酸摄入量明显偏高,超重、肥胖及心血管疾病患病率上升的问题,应加强营养知识宣传和营养干预。

Objective To explore the effect of changes of diet structure and fatty acid intake on the health of military cadres. Methods Questionnaire, diet investigation and medical inspection were performed in elderly cadres who were admitted to our sani- tarium in 1992,2002 and 2008. Results Cereal food consumption decreased and animal foods consumption increased significantly in elderly cadres.Energy and fat intake had exceeded the recommended dietary intake level.Fat energy ratio increased rapidly, reaching 37% in 2008 ,far more than the recommended intake by 20% ~30%.Total daily intake of fatty acids was also significantly higher than the average intake of Chinese residents by 20% above.The intake of saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid were increasing year by year.The health status of military old cadres had greatly improved, while the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was on the rise.Conclusion The nutrition status and the quality of average diet in military elderly cadres have improved obviously, while the intake of fat is excessive.As a result, the prevalence rate of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease are on the rise.Propagation of nutrition knowledge and nutrition intervention should be emphasized.