两种方式调查性病患者相关知识、态度、行为的信度、效度评价

Assessment of reliability and validity of a questionnaire using two inquiry methods on knowledge,attitudes and practices among STD outpatients

目的通过运用两种常用的问卷调查方式对性病患者KAP调查所获的信度、效度等指标进行分析,探讨其对研究真实性和可行性的影响。方法采用简单随机分组方法将276名门诊性病患者分为两组,分别采用匿名面访式和匿名自填式进行KAP问卷调查。结果面访组所获的问卷有效率及对非婚性行为等高危行为的应答率更高;面访组和自填组在"性病/艾滋病相关知识"和"心理状态"两部分均获得了0.8以上的Cronbach’s系数,"对性病患者和艾滋病感染者的态度"的Cronbach’s系数两种方式均低于0.6,对"非婚性行为态度和行为"的Cronbach’s系数仅在面访组低于0.6;因子分析显示知识类问题在面访组和自填组分别得到4个和6个公因子,累计解释总变异的55.2%和63.5%;态度行为类问题在面访组和自填组分别得到5个和4个公因子,累计解释总变异的68.5%和68.1%。结论两种方式调查结果的信度、效度总体上均可被接受,但态度和行为类问题的内部一致性仍有欠缺;针对不同内容,两种方式各有优劣,必要时可考虑将这两种调查方式进行合理组合,对提高调查的真实性或可行性会有所帮助。

Objective To explore the influence of different inquiry methods on reliability and validity of a questionnaire on knowledge,attitudes and practices among STD outpatients.Methods 276 STD outpatients were divided into two groups using simple randomization,and were investigated using anonymous face to face interview（group1） and anonymous self-administered survey method（group2） respectively.Results The effective rate of the questionnaires and the responsive rate on some high risk behaviors such as sexual intercourse were higher in group1;Internal consistency analysis showed that the cronbach＇s coefficients were both higher than 0.8 in knowledge and psychological states,while they were both lower than 0.6 in attitudes towards STD patients and people living with HIV.Cronbach＇s coefficient was lower than 0.6 only in group1.The factor analysis showed that four common factors could explain 55.2% of the knowledge part in group1,six common factors could explain 63.5% of the knowledge part in group2;Five common factors could explain 68.5% of the attitudes and behaviors part in group1,four common factors could explain 68.1% of them in group2.Conclusions The reliability and validity of the two methods can be accepted in general,while the parts on attitudes and behavior are still deficient in internal consistency;The two methods both have advantages and disadvantages according to different contents,so if necessary,the two inquiry methods can be considered to combine reasonably,it will contribute to improve the validity and the feasibility of a KAP survey among STD outpatients.