浅谈水利工程与河道生态

Discussion of Water Conservancy Project and River Ecology

河流本是具有反馈调节机制的动态系统,径流泥沙、河床边界、河流水质之间存在着相互影响、相互制约的关系,自然状态下的河流系统一般都与环境相互适应,保持一定程度的生态平衡。修建在江河上的大型水电工程虽然发挥了防洪兴利的重大效益,但大规模地改变、影响江河系统的生态平衡。有些已经使人类与河流的共处关系产生不协调或矛盾,引起一些河道稳定性改变、河槽萎缩、断流,一些河段水质下降、生态平衡遭到破坏等,因此水电工程运用对河流的负面影响不容忽视,必须通过技术和政策手段保护河道生态。

Rivers is a dynamic system with feedback regulation mechanism.Runoff,sediment,river boundary and river water quality exist mutual influence of checks and balances.Natural river systems adapt to the environment generally to maintain a certain degree of ecological balance.The large hydropower projects have played a major benefit on forecasting flood,but also large-scale change,affect the ecological balance of rivers system.Some have made rivers and human coexistence relations become inconsistent or contradictory,leading to some changes in channel stability,channel shrinkage,deterioration of water quality in some river sections,destruction of ecological balance,etc.Therefore,the negative impact of hydropower projects can＇t be ignored,technical and policy instruments must be protected by river ecosystem.