激光珩磨专用机床的运动控制研究

Control system for laser honing machine

以发动机气缸/活塞环摩擦副为具体研究对象,研制了一种新型激光珩磨设备。由于发动机汽缸套载重大,且形状不规则,故设备采用激光头既旋转又直线运动的运动方案。该设备在移动轴和转轴中分别安装有高精度光栅尺和高精度增量旋转编码器以提高运动控制系统的精度。为了使微凹腔沿圆周均匀分布,采用了小数分频原理,能够实现任意小数分频。通过对运动控制卡与自制的调Q控制卡的软件编程,实现了运动控制系统与激光系统的协同控制,用以在气缸表面加工出特定的微观形貌。加工方法采用的是"单脉冲同点间隔多次"的激光微加工新方法。利用该方法能够方便地加工出微观或宏观的形貌且能显著地减少激光加工所带来的负面热效应。

Taking the frictional units of cylinder liner/pistol ring as research subject,a new laser surface honing machine is designed.For processing heavy cylinders with irregular shapes,the laser head of the machine was designed to make rotation and linear motion.Three high accuracy optical gratings are installed on the linear shaft and a high accuracy incremental rotary encoder is installed on the rotation shaft to improve the accuracy of motion control system.In order to make micro cavity evenly distributed along the circumference,the method of decimal divider is adopted.The motion control system and laser system are coordinated by programming the two cards.Processing method is socalled ＂Single pulse interval at the point many times＂.It can process micro or macro morphology structure and decrease negative thermal effects of laser processing.