白话文运动中的民族国家问题探究

A Probe into the Problem of Nation-state Emerging in Vernacular Movement

对白话文运动的出现和展开,不能仅从文学内部或语言内部的演变来看待,在社会时势出现巨大变动的历史语境中,白话文运动是建构现代民族国家的重要内容。在民族国家的建构过程中,欧洲和东亚诸国用民族方言俗语改造书面语言从而抵抗传统帝国的语言宰制,而白话文运动则是用大众化的语言形式来替代文言文这种本就统一的民族传统语言形式。白话文运动的历史推动力来自于打败了中华帝国的西方,在中西文化意识形态的连接和冲突中,民族文化的主体性问题在各派知识分子身上凸现。

The start and development of the Vernacular Movement cannot only be researched from the angle of development of literature or language itself.With the historic background when the social situation began to take great changes,the Vernacular Movement became the important role in constructing modern nation-state.In the construction of the nation-state,Europe and eastern Asian countries used national dialectal vulgarism to reform written languages so as to resist domination of traditional imperialist languages.The Vernacular Movement was the one using popular language form to replace the classical Chinese writings,which was already a unified national traditional language form.The principal historic impetus of the Vernacular Movement was from the western countries that had defeated the Chinese imperial.In the contact and conflict between Chinese and western cultural ideology,the problem of the national culture as the principal body was reflected on the intellectuals of the different circles.