公共理性发展:从一元、多元到合作理性

On the Development Context of Public Rationality and its Pattern in Post-Industrial Society

从18世纪到20世纪,康德、韦伯和罗尔斯等人的公共理性思想具有一元性特征,但它们具有不同的思维基础和不同的发展主旨。康德的"普遍的人类理性"立足于认识论层面,留有中世纪理性的道德痕迹;韦伯的"工具理性"则完全融入了组织,从属于法的形式并舍弃了价值属性;罗尔斯的"公共理性"尽管局限于政治领域,但试图融合法的形式性和道德的引导性。总体而言,工业社会的公共理性主要是一元公共理性。后工业化过程中,博曼等人假设公共领域及其价值的多元化,提出了多元公共理性。这是公共理性思想发展过程中的重大变化,但两者都无法摆脱其本质的竞争特性,不利于合作治理的实现。因此,公共理性的发展将走向合作理性的形态。

From the 18th to the 20th century, the ideas of public rationality advanced by Kant, Weber and Rawls et al. are different in base and development theme, though they are of monist nature. Kant＇ s universal human rationality is based on epistemology and still tinted with the rationality of the middle ages. Weber＇ s tool rationality has completely integrated itself into the public organization but discarded the value attribute. Rawls tempted to law＇s formality and moral guidance into his public rationality which, though, is confined to political realm. Generally speaking, the public rationality in an industrial society is the monist public rationality. In the process of post-industrialization, Bouman etc. supposed that the public domains and their values are muhi-dimensionaland suggested the public rationality be multi-dimensional as well. This is a revolutionary change. But the inborn competitive nature of these ideas hampers the cooperation governance. So public rationality is likely to assume the form of cooperation rationality.