诗体之争与诗体重建——“现代诗创作研究技法”学术研讨会热点话题论争综述

Dispute over and Reconstruction of Poetic Form

诗体是诗的文体规范。在人类诗歌史上,诗歌形成了两种诗体——定型诗体和准定型诗体。汉语诗歌的"新诗革命"是在"诗体大解放"的口号下产生的,百年新诗历史正是新诗诗体的格律化与自由化多对抗、少和解的历史。新诗是否应该重视诗体建设?新诗的诗体建设应该重点建设格律体还是自由体?这些问题一直困扰着新诗研究者。在2009年8月的"现代诗创作研究技法"学术研讨会上,不同学派的新诗学者展开了激烈的"诗体之争",出现了多种观点:新诗应该建立定型诗体,新诗应该建立准定型诗体,新诗应该无诗体;新诗应该是格律诗,新诗是自由诗,新诗应该偏向格律诗,新诗应该偏向自由诗;新诗的诗体建设应该偏重音乐形式,新诗的诗体建设应该偏向视觉形式;诗体建设是伪话题,诗体建设是当务之急……透过学者们的争论,不仅可以了解新诗研究及创作的现状,特别是新诗研究界的热点话题;而且可以弄清新诗的文体特征和文体价值。

Poetic form is the stylistic norms of poetry. In the history of poetry, there are fixed forms and para-fixed ones. Encouraged by the slogan of ＂freeing poetic forms＂, New Verse Revolution was launched that the hundred-year history of New Verse is but the history of conflict and reconciliation between metrical poetry and free verses. Should New Verse stress its form？ Should the form of New Verse be metrical or free？ Such questions have always been haunting the researchers of New Verse. At the seminar, ＂ Skills of Creating Modern Verse＂, held in August, 2009, a variety of views emerged in the heated discussion among different schools： some favored fixed form, some liked para-fixed form, and some preferred a form to be free of form; some favored metrical verse and some free verse; some argued that a poem should be musical-oriented, and some visual-oriented ; some thought the construction of new poetic form was no question, and some thought it urgent to construct new poetic forms. These arguments can help understand not only the current situations of creation and studies in New Verse, especially the heated topic, but also the stylistic features and values of New Verse.