4种防霉剂短期防止橡胶木霉变的初步研究

The Effect of Four Anti-mould Agents for Temporary Protection of Rubberwood

为筛选高效、低成本、环保型橡胶木防霉剂,采用冷浸法处理新鲜橡胶木试材,分析4种环保型防霉剂TBQ、FB、LA、LB短期防止橡胶木霉变效力及防腐处理前后木材的颜色差异。结果表明:(1)单独采用硼酸/硼砂不能防止橡胶木霉变;采用2%的TBQ浸泡1 h能有效防止橡胶木14 d不发霉;浓度为0.1%～0.2%的FB处理7 d能控制霉斑不超过20%,14 d霉变面积超过40%;浓度为0.05%～0.3%的LA处理7 d能控制霉斑不超过5%,14 d霉变面积不超过30%;浓度0.1%～2.0%LB处理14 d试材霉变面积超过50%,防霉效果较差;(2)LA和LB与硼复配后,能提高其防霉效果,由于LA配比浓度及成本较低,具有潜在的应用前景;(3)防霉防腐处理过程,会导致木材颜色发生一定程度褐变。

Rubberwood is very susceptible to be attacked by a wide variety of moulds and sap-stains. In order to screen alternatives as replacement for the toxicity water-soluble NaPCP, four preservatives, namely TBQ, FB, LA, and LB, were studieed for their activity against sap-stain and mould fungi for temporary protection rubberwood by diffusion process. The results indicated that the treatments with boric is in effective inpreventing infection. The specimens that were treated with 2% TBQ showed a strong resistance to moulds for up to 14 days. Wood treated with 0.1%～0.2% FB solutions reached a value of 20% mould coverage within 7 days, and a value of 40% mould coverage within 14 days. The treatments with 0.05%～0.3% LAsolutions showed mould resistance for 7 days, and a value of 30% mluld coverage within 14 days. The specimens that were treated with 0.1%～3% LB were not very effective. The data also suggested the mixtureLA and boric had greater inhibitive against mould fungi in air drying procedure. The results indicated that brown color of rubberwood was enhanced after being dip-treatment with preservatives solutions.