优秀网球运动员成长过程及网球项目特征的综述

Summary on the Development Process of Elite Tennis Players and Characteristic of Tennis Games

利用文献资料、数理统计等方法,对当前世界网球发展格局、世界顶级网球运动员(排名前10位)和我国优秀运动员(郑洁、李娜和彭帅)的始训时间、世界排名提升规律和世界排名保持力等方面进行分析,发现目前世界网球的优势主要在欧洲和美国,总体的强国为俄罗斯、法国和西班牙,应加强对这些国家的组织、发展和训练的研究;优秀网球运动员具有明显的始训时间早、参加排名赛早、进入世界优秀水平(100名)早和保持高排名时间长等特点,其中凸显出现代网球训练具有高的系统性、科学性和个体化的程度;网球项目在整体平均强度上是一个典型的有氧供能为主的运动项目,但在局部上又是一个对运动员的速度和速度耐力要求极高的无氧(非乳酸和乳酸)供能项目。

Through the ways of literature data and mathematical statistics,we analyzed the development pattern of tennis,start time and rank improving and rank retentiveness of elite athlete out and inside of China（top 10 in the world,Zheng Jie,Li Na,Peng Shuai）.It is concluded that competitive nations of tennis are mainly in Europe and powerful nations are Russia,France and Spain,so we should reinforce the research on organization,development and training in these countries.Elite athletes have the characteristic of early start time,early beginning professional match,early being in outstanding level and strong ability of rank retentiveness and so on,which highlights the systematism,scientificity and individuation of modern tennis training.In the overall average intensity tennis is a typical aerobic energy sport,but locally it is an anaerobic sport and has high demand on speed and endurance of athlete.