从中国影响汽车零部件进口措施案看一般关税与国内措施的实质区分标准

Substantive Differentiation Standards of Custom Duties and Internal Measures

2008年12月15日,历时两年多的中国进口汽车零部件纠纷以中国的首次败诉告终。虽然中国遭遇败诉,但无论从WTO规则的理解和运用上,还是从WTO宗旨与中国国别利益的兼顾上,该案都给予发展中的中国以深刻而具有现实意义的启示。由于对争议措施的定性是本案当事双方角力的首要争点,并从根本上影响诉讼形势的发展,因此,本文将以之作为核心法律问题展开分析。笔者将通过对WTO争端解决机制下当事人双方的诉讼策略、证据运用和专家组的法理分析过程的详细展示,揭示一般关税与国内措施的本质区别,以期为我国日后制定影响进口的措施时提起有关部门的注意。

On the 15th of December 2008,the China—Measures Affecting Imports of Automobile Parts case which lasted for over two years finally came to an end.Though it＇s the first defeated suit China encountered since its accession to WTO,the case has imparted elicitations,both of the apprehension and exercise of WTO rules and of the balance of WTO rule obedience and national interest protection,profound and valuable enough for China,as a primary WTO member,to digest and learn.Given that the determination of the nature of the measures in question,either ordinary customs duty or internal measure,is the paramount argument of the case,this article will initiate an explicit case analysis focusing on that central argument,by showing the litigation strategy、evidence exertion、legal analysis and outlining the legal disputes,to reveal the the essential difference between the ordinary customs duty and internal measures,in the hope of reminding relevant authorities of the lesson we have learned from the case.