匪患对黄土高原居住形态的影响探略——以近现代陇东为例

Effect of Banditry Activities on Living Morphology in Loess Plateau——Taking Modern Longdong as an Example

近现代陇东地方居住形态主要表现出两种形式:一是散居型,住民远离河川、大道,遁隐于偏僻之地;二是聚居型,聚族居住,建堡自卫。近现代陇东社会所呈现出的这种居住形态不仅受地方自然条件、经济社会条件的影响,安全防卫、抵御劫掠的安全需要同样深刻影响着近代陇东地方的居住形态。随着社会由乱而治,住民逐渐搬出深山,向河川、阔塬等水、路、地条件较好的地方集中,窨子、堡子等防卫性建筑因丧失使用价值而遭废弃,逐渐淡出了人们的日常生活实践。

There were two kinds of living morphology in modern Longdong：one was the residents living scattered away from river valleys and roads,hidden in remote places;the other was whole family living together,who built Buzi to defend themselves.Living morphology of modern Longdong was not only affected by local natural,economic and social conditions,but also affected by safety precautions.As Chinese society became more and more stable and orderly,residents gradually moved out of mountains,living in the river valleys and broad plateau where water,roads,land and other natural conditions are relatively better than before.Buzi,Yinzi and other defensive designs had lost their useful values.Thus,they were gradually abandoned and disappeared in people＇s daily lives.