从自然状态到公民社会——霍布斯政治学说基础分析

From Natural State to Civil Society

自然状态理论是霍布斯全部政治学说的基础,它是一种用来说明公民社会的起源与本质、阐明优良生活条件的理论假设。在自然状态中人拥有天赋的自然权利即自我保全的自由,但权利与权利对抗的结果是形成了每一个人对每个人的战争状态。从自然状态到公民社会的过渡是以人的激情和理性为基础,通过发现自然法和缔结契约而实现的。公民社会与自然状态形成一种善恶对照,和平、安全、秩序是公民社会的政治价值。

The theory of natural state is the basis of Hobbes＇ political theories. It is a theoretical hypothesis aiming to illustrate the origin and nature of civil society and the conditions of good life. In natural state, all people have the natural rights of surviving. However, such a state results in war of all against all. The transition from natural state to civil society is based on human passion and ration-ality and is realized through discovering natural law and making contract. Peace, security and order are the political values of civil society.