国外城市贫民窟改造及其对我国的启示

Overseas city bustee and its inspiration to China

本文在对贫民窟的界定和全球分布情况做阐述的基础上,研究了国外城市贫民窟的改造途径,发现其改造主体多从以政府为主导,向政府、居民、社区和私人企业等多主体转变;在"住房战略"演变方面,从清除贫民窟、住房供应,向提供环境和服务、居住权保障和贫民窟的升级改造等方向发展。最后,指出当前我国城市棚户区改造中存在的问题,借鉴国外贫民窟改造方式,应将我国棚户区改造纳入城市总体建设规划当中,并采取多主体协作,为居民提供就业机会,旨在消除贫困。

Here,we reviewed the basic situation of gl obal slums and the transformation experiences of various countries on the urbanized background.We found that that its transformers changed from primarily the government to the multiagent guiders including the government,inhabitant,community,private enterprise.By analyzing the evolution of housing strategy,we further found that this transformation could be divided into several stages,including eliminating the slum,supplying the house,providing the basic environment and the public service,upgrading the slum and safeguarding the use right.Finally,we proposed a model for slum transformation,where one should permit the existence of the slum in certain scope,and integrate it into the overall constructive plan of city rather than adopt the thorough eradication procedure.This study provides a new insight into the slum and has important implications for eliminating poverty in some regions of city（e.g.impoverished community,the shantytown and the village in city） in China,similar to the slum.