基于遥感和GIS的城市景观格局演变与水文效应关系研究

Research on the Relationship Between Urban Landscape Pattern and Hydrological Effect Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

基于多时相TM/ETM+遥感影像,运用支持向量机分类方法对合肥市景观进行分类,解译得到1995、1999、2003和2007年土地利用专题图;应用单窗算法解译得到地表亮温专题图。采用景观指数法分析了合肥市景观格局与城市水文效应间的关系。研究表明:城市水文要素与景观指数之间存在相关性,城市化水文特征明显;建筑用地有增加并集中趋势,不透水面积增加,年降水量增大;供水排水能力平稳增长,人均用水量相对减少,城市饮用水水源地水质偏差。调整城市景观格局,有利于优化城市水文状况。

With Hefei City as the study area, the authors investigated the relationship between urban landscape pattern and hydrological effect. The landscape classification maps were obtained from Landsat TM/ETM ＋ images taken in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007 with the support vector machine classifier. The thermal radiance transfer equation was estimated by mono- window algorithm designed by Qin Zhihao. The relationship between urban landscape pattern and hydrological effect was analyzed using landscape indices derived from the land cover classification maps. The result shows that urban hydrology and landscape structure are highly correlated with each other in Hefei City. With the increase and centralization of the built - up land, the surface runoff and urban water supply capacity have also increased, but the per capita water consumption has relatively decreased and the water quality is relatively low. It is concluded that adjusting the pattern of the urban landscape is effective for the improvement of the urban hydrologic effect.