农地社会保障功能与现代农业发展的现实矛盾与化解途径

Real Contradiction Between Social Security Functions of Farmland and Modern Agricultural Development, as well the Approach to Solve the Contradiction

本文首先在前人研究的基础上界定了农地的社会保障功能,分析了其形成的制度根源;然后阐述了农地社会保障功能与现代农业发展之间的现实矛盾。结果表明:农地的社会保障功能突出表现在农地产权制度安排上的"公平性"和"福利性",致使土地分散且难以自由流转;而现代农业发展则要求通过土地的自由流转,实现农地的适度集中,为农业规模化、产业化创造条件;凌驾于生产要素功能之上的农地社会保障功能,使得农业劳动生产率和生产效益难以提高。结合实地调查和全国统计数据,论证了目前我国农地对农民家庭的社会保障能力明显不足,有必要改革农村土地制度,促进农地的流转和集中。最后,本文提出化解矛盾的有效途径在于正视农地社会保障功能弱化的事实,将土地保障形式由实物保障转换为价值保障,完善农村社会保障体系,逐步替代农地的社会保障功能,促进农村土地合理流转,适应现代农业发展的客观需要。

Firstly, this paper defined the social security functions of farmland and analyzed its root system causes, on the basis of previous studies. Then we described the real contradiction between social security functions of farmland and modern agricultural development. The results showed that social security functions of land highlighted in farmland property system arrangement of the＂fairness＂and＂welfare＂, resulting in land fragmentation and difficulties of farmland circulation. However, modern agriculture development required to achieve an appropriate concentration of farmland for scaled and industrial agriculture, through free land circulation. The social security functions of farmland overrides its production function, so that it＇s difficult to improve the agricultural labor productivity and production efficiency. Using field surveys and national statistics, we demonstrated the current social security capacity of farmland to peasant family in China’s is obviouslyinsufficient,andit’snecessarytoreformtherurallandsystemtopromotecirculationandconcentrationoffarmland. Finally, this paper presented that effective ways to resolve conflicts as follows： to address the fact that social security functions of farmland is insufficient; to convert the physical form of farmland’s security to the value form; to improve ruralsocialsecuritysystem and graduallyreplace the farmland’s social securityfunctions; to promote reasonable circulation of rural land to meet the objective needs of modern agricultural development.