哈尔滨市年活产婴儿低出生体重儿流行趋势分析

Analysis on epidemic trend of annual live birth infants with low birth weight in Harbin

目的：了解哈尔滨市2000～2005年低出生体重儿的发生情况及流行趋势，为降低低出生体重儿发生率提供科学依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法，在哈尔滨市抽取南岗和道外两个区具有接产能力的全部16家医院（包括乡镇卫生院），对2000～2005年出生的孕周≥28周的全部活产婴儿进行回顾性调查，填写产妇及新生儿调查表。结果：共调查活产婴儿15112人（男7861人，女7251人），其中低出生体重儿486例，发生率为3．2％；各年度间差异显著，但城乡、性别间低出生体重儿的发生率均未见显著差异；低出生体重儿中〈37周的早产儿223例占45．9％，足月产儿253例占52．1％；≥1500g的低出生体重儿是低出生体重儿的主要组成部分占93．8％，〈1500g的极低出生体重儿仅占6．2％。结论：哈尔滨市2000—2005年低出生体重儿的发生率和发达国家的发生率相近；低出生体重儿以1500～2500g为主，农村低出生体重儿发生的主要原因是早产，城市低出生体重儿发生的主要原因是宫内发育不良。

Objective： To understand the prevalence and epidemic trend of low birth weight infants in Harbin from 2000 to 2005, provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence of low birth weight infants. Methods： 16 hospitals （including township hospitals） having midwifery ability were selected from Nangang District and Daowai district in Harbin by stratified cluster sampling method, the total live birth infants with gestational weeks ≥28 weeks from 2000 to 2005 were investigated retrospectively, then questionnaires for the parturient women and neonates were filled. Results： 15 112 live birth infants （7 861 boys and 7 251 girls） were surveyed, the incidence of low birth weight infants was 3.2% （486 infants） ; there was significant difference among different years, but there was no significant difference between urban areas and rural areas, boys and girls; the proportions of premature infants （ 〈 37 weeks） and full - term infants were 45.9% and 52. 1% , respectively; low birth weight infants （ ≥ 1 500 g ） were the important component of low birth weight infants, accounting for 93.8%, the proportion of very low birth weight infants （ 〈1 500 g） was 6. 2%. Conclusion： The incidence of low birth weight infants in Harbin from 2000 to 2005 is similar to the incidence in developed countries. The body weight of most of low birth weight infants is within the range of 1500 -2500 g, the main causes of low birth weight infants in rural areas and urban areas are premature birth and intrauterine dyspla- sia, respectively.