电力需求响应的激励性补偿方法比较

Comparison of incentive compensation methods in power demand response

为鼓励用户的需求响应行为,很多国家采用激励性补偿的方法。针对2种需求响应补偿方法,即用户在峰时段减少用电时,按批发价格补偿法和按批发价格与零售价格之差补偿法,通过数学建模与算例仿真,比较分析了不同的补偿措施对用户侧和发电侧的经济利润,以及社会福利的影响。研究表明,按批发价格补偿,会导致用户在峰时段的用电过分减少,减少社会福利。在当前还难以在零售市场推行实时定价的情况下,按批发价格与零售价格之差来补偿的方法,是一种相对较好的需求响应补偿方案。

Incentive compensation methods are employed in many countries around the world to encourage customers to participate in the demand response programs.Two compensation methods are considered,one is to pay consumers the wholesale price for the demand reduction in peak load period,and the other is to pay consumers the difference between the wholesale price and the retail price for the demand reduction in peak load period.Mathematic formulation and numerical simulation are conducted,and the effects of different compensation methods on the profits of consumers and generators,as well as the social welfare,are compared and analyzed.It is shown that the compensation with the wholesale price leads to over reduction in peak load and thus the social welfare is lowered.The compensation with the difference between the wholesale and the retail prices is a relatively efficient method in demand response programs under the current circumstances where the real-time pricing in the retail market is still difficult to implement.