长白班与晚夜班护士身心健康状况的比较研究

Compared study on mental and physical health status between long-day working and late-night working nurses

目的 了解临床科室各层次长白班与晚夜班护士的身心健康状况,为人力资源管理提供参考.方法 采用康奈尔健康问卷（CMI）对临床科室不同工作年限及学历的82名长白班护士和213名晚夜班护士进行身心健康状况调查.结果 晚夜班护士的身心亚健康状况A-R总分≥40分临界值者82名,占38.50%;心理亚健康M-R得分≥20分者68名,占31.92%;长白班护士身心亚健康状况A-R总分≥40分临界值者8名,占9.76%;心理亚健康M-R得分≥20分者5名,占6.10%;两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.从事护理工作5年以上的护士A-L得分明显高于5年以下的护士（P＜0.05）,M-R得分明显较低（P＜0.05）.大专、中专学历护士身心健康状况较差（P＜0.05）.结论 晚夜班护士较长白班护士身心健康状况相对较差,各层次护士因从事护理工作年限、文化层次不同,在身心健康方面有一定差距.各级管理者应关注各层次临床护士,尤其是晚夜班护士,通过给予健康教育、提供心理咨询及人力资源保障等措施缓解其压力,维护护士的身心健康.

Objective To understand the physical and mental health status of long-day and late-night working nurses in several clinical departments, and provide references for the human resource management.Methods Health condition of 82 long-day working and 213 late-night nurses with different working background were investigated by using CMI health questionnaire （Cornell）. Results A-R scores of 82 late-night working nurses were more than 40 and the percentage was 38.5% and M-R scores of mental sub-health in 68 late-night nurses were more 20 with the percentage of 31.92%. For long-day working nurses, 8 nurses＇ A-R scores were more than 40 with the percentage of 9.76% and 5 nurses＇ M-R scores were more than 20 with the percentage of 6.1%. A-L scores of nurses working for 5 years or above were significantly higher than those fresh nurses （P＜0. 05 ）, and M-R scores were lower （P ＜0. 05）. Mental health was poorer in tertiary and secondary education nurses （P ＜0. 05）. Conclusions Late-night nurses have poorer health status, compared with long-day working nurses. Physical and mental health status has certain disparity different because of different working year and education background. Managers at all levels should pay more attentions to all clinical nurses, especially late night nurses through providing counseling and human resource security measures to alleviate the pressure and maintain the physical and mental health of nurses.