老年患者跌倒史的调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on the history of falls in elderly patients and analysis of multiple influential factors

目的探讨老年患者跌倒史的影响因素，为有针对性地实施防跌倒干预，降低老年患者跌倒的发生率提供依据。方法采用便利抽样的方法选择2009年6—12月广州市4所三级甲等医院住院的老年患者319例进行调查分析。结果两组患者在尿失禁或尿频、使用助行器、退休前职业、文化程度、生活照顾方面差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；在使用TUGT、MFS、BBS、BI量表得分方面差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；性别、文化程度、尿失禁或尿频、居住地、TUGT、使用助行器、MFS、室外活动每日〈1h8个变量进入了二分类Logistic回归模型（P〈0．05）。结论有尿失禁或尿频、使用助行器、退休前职业为高级干部和脑力劳动者、日常生活由护工照顾、TUGT得分高、MFS得分高、室外活动每日〈1h为老年患者跌倒的危险因素，BBS、BI量表得分低可能为跌倒的间接影响因素。

Objective To investigate the influential factors of the falls of elderly patients and to provide evidence on fails prevention interventions and low incidence of falls of elderly patients. Methods 319 elderly patients were recruited and investigated by convenience sampling method in four hospitals （three classes） in Guangzhou city from June to December 2009. Results Some indicators between the two groups were significantly different such as Urinary incontinence or frequent urination, use of walking aids, pre-retirement, occupation, education and life care （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The scores of using TUGT, MFS, BBS and BI were also significant between two groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Some variances have enter the binary logistic regression model （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Urinary incontinence or frequent urination, use of walking aids and pre-retirement were the high intervention and mental worker, dependent life care, high TUGT and MFS and outdoor exercise less than one hour were the risk factors of the falls of elderly patients. Low scores of BBS and BI may be the indirect influential factors.