上海市郊区绝经后妇女预防骨质疏松行为水平的调查及相关因素分析

Analysis and investigation on the osteoporosis prevention activity and related factors of postmenopausal women in Shanghai suburbs area

目的探讨上海市郊绝经后妇女预防骨质疏松行为水平及其影响因素，以期为制定切实有效的干预方案提供科学依据。方法采用骨质疏松症相关知识问卷、骨质疏松症相关饮食与运动的自我效能量表、骨质疏松症相关饮食与运动行为量表对上海市郊246名绝经后妇女进行问卷调查。结果市郊绝经后妇女预防骨质疏松相关知识和自我效能的项目平均分总体水平不高，分别为（9．74±6．38），（43．00±14．06）分，行为水平得分（17．44±4．23）分，饮食行为的项目平均得分低于运动行为（t=21．95，P〈0.01）；预防骨质疏松的行为及其相关知识与自我效能水平呈正相关（P〈0．01），多元回归分析显示，知识与自我效能是行为的预测因子。结论社区医护人员以及政府应针对市郊农村绝经后妇女人群的特征，采取有效的干预措施，以提高其骨质疏松症知识与自我效能水平，使其行为得以改善。

Objective To study the osteoporosis prevention activity level and its influence factors of postmenopausal women in Shanghai suburbs area, in order to develop effective intervention programs to provide scientific evidence. Methods The related knowledge questionnaire, self-efficiency table of related food and sports of the osteoporosis, activity quantity table of related food and sports of the osteoporosis were used to do the research on 246 postmenopausal women in Shanghai suburbs area. Results The average mark of related knowledge and self-efficiency was generally not high, which were separately （ 9. 74 ± 6. 38 ） and （43.00 ±14.06）. The activity level mark was（ 17.44±4.23）, the average mark of food was lower than that of sport activity（ t = 21.95, P 〈 0. 01 ） ; There was active relation （ P 〈 0. 01 ） between osteoporosis prevention activity and the related knowledge/self-efficiency. SAS shows that the knowledge and self-efficiency are the predict factor of the activity. Conclusions According to the characteristics of postmenopausal women in Shanghai suburbs area, community doctors and nurses and the government should take efficient interference measures to improve the knowledge of osteoporosis and self- efficiency, in order to improve their activities.