不同子女数量、住院次数老年住院患者社会支持、生活质量和应对方式的研究

Study of social support, quality of life and coping style of elderly inpatients with different number of children and admission times

目的探讨不同子女数量、住院次数的老年住院患者的社会支持、生活质量和应对方式。方法选择愿意配合调查的164例老年住院患者，采用社会支持评定问卷（SSAS），生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）和特质应对问卷，对其进行调查访谈。结果164例老年患者中子女〈2人的老年患者客观支持得分（13．57±2．52）分，低于／〉2个子女的老年患者得分（11．73±2．25）分，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），住院次数对社会支持得分无明显影响。子女〈2人的老年患者的物质生活、心理健康和GQOLI总分低于≥2个子女的老年患者（P〈0．01）。子女〈2人的老年患者在探索、幻想和消极应对（NC）的评分高于常模（P〈0．01），而子女≥2人的老年患者在幻想、逃避和消极的评分高于常模，其家庭支持度评分低于子女〈2人的老年患者；住院次数〈2次和≥2次的老年患者探索、幻想、逃避和消极应对的评分高于常模。结论子女〈2人的老年住院患者得到的客观支持相对较少，其心理健康状况低于≥2个子女的老年患者；而多次住院影响老年患者的心理健康；老年患者的应对方式受到子女多少、住院次数等因素的影响。

Objective To explore the social support, quality of life and coping style of elderly inpatients with different number of children and admission times. Methods 164 elderly inpatients were interviewed by social support assessment scale （ SSAS）, generic quality of life inventory （ GQOLI ） and coping style scale. Results One hundred sixty four patients were interviewed. Elderly patients that bad less than 2 children scored lower（ 11.73±2.25 ） on the objective support of SSAS than those had 2 more children （13.57±2.52）. The difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05 ）. There was no difference on SSAS between the patients with 2 or less admissions and 3 or more admissions. Elderly patients that had less than 2 children scored lower on GQOLI material life and mental health than those had 2 more children（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Elderly inpatients scored higher than norm in exploring, fantasy, escaping and negative coping score（P 〈 0.01 ）. Patlents who had no less than 2 children scored higher than norm in thntasy, escaping and negative coping score （P 〈 0. 01 ） , lower in family support than that of patient who had less than 2 children ; score of exploring, fantasy, escaping and negative coping were higher than norm in patients who had less than 2 and no less than 2 times d admissions. Conclusions Elderly inpatients who has less than 2 children got less objective support, they get worse status of mental health than those who have no less than 2 children; High frequencies of hospitalization have negative impact on the mental health of elderly inpatients; The copying style is affected by number of children and admission times in elderly inpatients.