20世纪国外流域管理经验及对鄱阳湖流域管理的启示

Enlightenment of the Management Experiences of River Basins Abroad on the Management of Poyang Lake Basin

流域管理是以河流流域为单元的水资源统一管理。实行流域管理是许多国家经过长期摸索而最终采取的有效方式,并已成为普遍趋势,而我国的流域管理尚处于最初的探索阶段。鄱阳湖是中国第一大淡水湖,鄱阳湖流域管理应借鉴国外流域管理的成功经验。考察20世纪国外具有代表性的美国的田纳西河流域管理、英国的泰晤士河流域管理、日本的琵琶湖流域管理以及澳大利亚的墨累-达令河流域管理,充分借鉴其成功经验,提出鄱阳湖流域管理的对策和建议:建立强有力的流域管理机构,制定流域协调机制;加强流域管理的法制建设,完善法律法规体系;鼓励社会公众参与,提升公众环保意识。

River basin management is the unified overall management based on the units of river basins and has become an ultimate effective management model adopted by many countries after a long time search and experiment and is now widely accepted,but the river basin management in China is at its initial stage of experiment.Poyang Lake being the largest fresh water lake,its management should simulate the successful experience of river basin management abroad.A survey of the 2oth century management of the Tennessee River in the U.S,and of the Thames in Britain and of Lake Biwa in Japan and of Murray-Darling River in Australia offers some successful management experience,which should be cashed on in formulating policy measures in the management of Poyang Lake basin：setting up powerful management organizations,establishing river basin coordinating mechanism,enhancing the legal construction of the management,building up and improving the legal framework,encouraging citizens to participate in the management,raising the public awareness of environmental protection.