抗菌肽开发与应用的研究进展

Progress in the development and application of antimicrobial peptides

抗菌肽是一类普遍存在于生物体内的阳离子两亲性多肽,是机体免疫防御的重要组成部分,具有抗菌谱广、作用强且迅速、不易产生耐药等众多优点。随着多药耐药菌临床感染的日趋加重,抗菌肽引起了人们的广泛关注,成为一类极具开发潜力的新型抗感染制剂。但生产成本高、毒副作用大和体内药动学资料匮乏严重制约了抗菌肽的开发和应用。针对上述瓶颈,国内外进行了大量的研究,已取得显著的成果。本文主要针对抗菌肽的作用特点、作用机制、研究现状,及其在医药领域中的应用前景和存在问题进行综述。

Antimicrobial peptides are cationic amphiphilic polypeptides produced by almost all species of lives as an important immune defense component,and have the potential of broad-spectrum activity,rapid and strong bactericidal activity,low propensity for resistance development,and many other advantages.With the multi-drug resistant clinical infection becoming increasingly heavier,these peptides have aroused extensive attention as a kind of great potential for development of new anti-infective agents.However,their high production cost,toxic side effects and lack of pharmacokinetics information in vivo have seriously hampered the research and application of antimicrobial peptides.In response to these bottlenecks,a large number of studies carried out at home and abroad,have achieved remarkable results.In this paper,the characteristics and mechanisms of action,research status,application prospects and problems in the field of medicine are reviewed.