科学与修辞:从二元对立到辩证统一

Science and Rhetoric:From Binary Opposition to Dialectical Unity

如何理解科学与修辞之间的关系?从传统的科学与修辞二元区分观,到20世纪六七十年代以来科学与修辞学的三大合流路径(包括修辞学的认知转向、建构主义科学社会学的兴起、科学哲学的语用学转向),科学与修辞之间经历了一次从二元对立到彼此融合的过程,但这融合过程并非完善,一系列方法论难题,特别是关于二者相互关联的机制问题仍没有得到很好的解决。文章借用马尔切洛.佩拉的"科学的辩证法"观念,尝试性地提出了"科学的辩证模型",通过建构以"理由"为中心、以"争论场"为基础的新模型,以期对科学与修辞之间的关系进行新的阐释,并破解科学与修辞具体关联机制这一难题。

How to understand the relationship between science and rhetoric？ According to the traditional idea,science and rhetoric are binarily distinct from each other,however,since the 60,70s of the 20th century,science and rhetoric began to combine from the following three paths,which included the cognitive turn of rhetoric,the rise of constructivist sociology of science,and the pragmatic turn of philosophy of science.In this process,the relation between science and rhetoric has gone through a path from binary opposition to integration.But the integration was not complete,as a series of methodological problems,particularly on how the two factors interrelated well were still not well resolved.In order to answer these questions,the paper tentatively proposes the concept ＂ dialectical model of science＂.This new mode makes the concept ＂reason＂ as its core and with the concept ＂argument field＂ as its base,and wishes to give a new and more reasonabe explanation about the relation between science and rhetoric,and furthermore to resolve the problem about how science and rhetoric are specificly connected.