出口、集聚与全要素生产率增长——基于制造业行业面板数据的实证研究

Export, Agglomeration and TFP Growth

运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算了2000-2007年我国制造业28个行业的全要素生产率(TFP)及其分解指标,并将出口、集聚与TFP放在统一的框架下分析出口与集聚对TFP及其分解指标的影响。研究发现,制造业TFP年均增长4.3%,其中90%以上是由技术进步贡献的;行业之间的技术进步差距较小,技术效率变化差异较大,而后者是TFP增长差异的主要原因。出口和集聚的相互作用削弱了对TFP增长的影响,即便如此,出口仍显著促进了TFP增长,集聚对TFP及其分解指标均有明显的正向影响。市场化程度是制造业TFP增长和技术进步的最主要影响因素。

This paper first calculates TFP and its decomposed indices of 28 manufacturing industries in China from 2000 to 2007 using the DEA-Malmquist method, and then it studies how export and agglomeration affect those measures using panel data methods. The paper finds that manufacturing industry is with an average annual growth rate of 4.3% and the contribution of technological progress to TFP growth is over 90%. There is little difference of technological progress and much difference of technological efficiency among the manufacturing sectors, and the latter becomes the main reason to the difference of TFP growth. Export and agglomeration have mutual shavings effect on TFP growth. Even though, export promotes TFP growth significantly, and agglomeration has apparently positive effects on TFP growth and its decomposed indices. Marketization degree is the main factors that affecting TFP growth and technological progress.