西葫芦品种的株型研究及评价

Research and Evaluation of Plant Type of Summer Squash

通过主成分和聚类分析研究了10个西葫芦品种的株型结构,并对其进行了评价,旨在探讨日光温室西葫芦株型结构与产量的关系。结果表明,14个株型性状中差异达显著水平和变异系数达10%共8个性状;主成分分析表明前2个主分量累计达到90.26%,第一主分量为蔓性、叶片特征因子,贡献率达73.96%,第二主分量为叶片倾角因子,贡献率达16.30%,二维排序表明品种东葫4号(S5)和东葫5号(S7)两个因子的协调性最好,其株型通风透光较好;聚类分析类平均距离D=0.733 7,依据株高和茎节把参试品种分为2大类:矮蔓和半矮蔓株型,类平均距离D=0.622 3,依据叶片倾角和叶面积分为4个亚类株型;二维排序和聚类分析结果的趋势相同;相关分析表明,产量与第一主分量得分达显著正相关(r=0.962 4*),说明株型结构诸因子中株高、茎节长以及叶面积和功能叶片数是影响产量的主要形态因子;以产量对2类4亚类株型进行评价,表明适宜日光温室西葫芦长季节栽培的株型第一是半矮蔓大叶紧凑型,其次是半矮蔓大叶松散型,矮蔓株型可用于日光温室抢早上市栽培。

Plant types of 10 summer squash varieties were analyzed with the principal components and cluster analysis to evaluate the effect of zucchini plant type to yield.The results showed that eight plant type traits among the tested fourteen traits were significant difference and more than 10% coefficients of variation;principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components（PC）,first PC characterized as vine and leaf factor with variance contribution ratio of 73.96%,second PC characterized as leaf angle factor with 16.30%,and these components account for 90.26% variation among cultivars.Scatter plot of the two PC vectors showed plant of Cv.Donghu 4（S5） and Cv.Donghu 5（S7） had better ventilation and light transmission;Based on height and internodes at the level of D= 0.733 7,all cultivars were classified into bush type groups including four cutivars and semi-bush type groups including six cultivars.Based on leaf angle and leaf area at the level of D= 0.622 3,the bush and semi-bush groups were classified into two sub-categories,respectively.The results of scatter plot of the two PC vectors and cluster analysis had a similar trend;Correlation analysis showed that production had a significant positive correlation（r= 0.962 4^＊）with the first principal component scores,which illustrated that plant height,node length,leaf area and the number of functional leaves were the main factors of yield production.Yield evaluation indicated that the priority of plant type was large-leafed semi-bush vine compact type,followed by big-leaf semi-bush loose-type suitable for a long season cultivation of summer squash in greenhouse,and bush plant type could be used in the early spring.