汉语固定结构中“人”的上义词使用传统及其语言学分析

The Tradition of Using the Hyponym "人" in Set Chinese Structures:Its linguistic Analysis

汉语中的"人"是上义词,可以有男人、女人等为数众多的下义词。汉语的四字格成语和五、七言诗句等固定结构有使用上义词"人"代替下义词的传统。从语义和语法的视角可以看到这种现象极其复杂。从汉语的单音节使用传统、汉语固定结构对于语言使用的束缚、词汇衔接、最省力原则和关联准则的维度分析,可以发现这种上义词的使用利弊兼有。

In Chinese,＂人＂（human）is a hyponym which includes many sub-ordinates such as ＂男人＂（man） and ＂女人＂（woman）,etc.In set Chinese structures such as 4-character idioms and 5-or 7-character poetic lines,there has been a tradition of using the hyponym ＂人＂.This paper analyses the complicated cases of this language phenomenon from the semantic and grammatical angles and the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon from the perspectives of the convention of the single-syllabic character usage,the restraint of the set Chinese structures on language use,lexical cohesion,the rule of least effort and the principle of relevance.