从人治的贤人政体到法治的混合政体——论柏拉图政体观的演变

From Man-ruling Authority to Law-ruling Reasoning——The Evolvement of Plato's Theories on Polity

作为西方思想史上首位系统研究政体的学者,柏拉图在《理想国》、《政治家篇》、《法律篇》三部著作中分别阐述了其早期、中期、晚期不同的政体主张。从早期的贤人政体到晚期的混合政体,他的政体观经历了一个从人治到法治的转变过程。这一过程体现了柏拉图从理想向现实的转变,其所阐述的法治思想和混合政体主张构成了西方法律思想的传统,并对近代的启蒙思想产生了深远的影响。

As the first scholar who focused on political systems in the history of western thinking,Plato dissertated his theories on polity in his three literatures.His theories on polity transformed from man-ruling authority to law-ruling reasoning,which represented his attitude changed from idealism to realism.His theory became a tradition in the western ideas of laws and had a significant influence on the Enlightenment Thinking.